Drift and residuals
I use cross-era tests to see what happens when a model is trained on one period and evaluated on another. The residual table shows vehicles that land above or below the model’s expected MPG.
Cross-era tests
A residual here is measured MPG minus the model’s expected MPG. It is not a rating of the vehicle as a whole.
Model-adjusted efficiency
Actual combined MPG minus an out-of-fold expected value.